變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（Transformer）是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應的原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)來改變(bian)(bian)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的裝(zhuang)置，主要構件是(shi)初級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、次級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)鐵(tie)芯（磁芯）。主要功(gong)能有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)、阻(zu)(zu)(zu)抗變(bian)(bian)換(huan)、隔離、穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)（磁飽和(he)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）等(deng)。按用(yong)途可以(yi)分(fen)為：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)特殊變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐變(bian)(bian)、整流(liu)變(bian)(bian)、工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、礦(kuang)用(yong)變(bian)(bian)、音頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、中(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、高頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、沖(chong)擊變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、儀用(yong)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)子變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、互感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)）鐵(tie)心的作用(yong)是(shi)加(jia)強兩個線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)間的磁耦合(he)。為了減少鐵(tie)內渦(wo)流(liu)和(he)磁滯(zhi)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)，鐵(tie)心由(you)涂(tu)漆(qi)的硅鋼片疊壓(ya)(ya)而(er)成;兩個線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之間沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)的關聯，線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)由(you)絕緣銅(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)（或鋁線(xian)(xian)(xian)）繞成。一(yi)個線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)接交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源稱(cheng)為初級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)（或原(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)），另一(yi)個線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)接用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)稱(cheng)為次級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)（或副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)）。實(shi)際的變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)很復雜的，不可避免地存在銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)（線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)發熱(re)）、鐵(tie)損(sun)(sun)（鐵(tie)心發熱(re)）和(he)漏磁（經空氣閉合(he)的磁感(gan)應線(xian)(xian)(xian)）等(deng)，為了簡化討論這(zhe)里只(zhi)介(jie)紹(shao)理(li)想(xiang)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。理(li)想(xiang)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成立的條件是(shi)：忽(hu)略(lve)漏磁通(tong)，忽(hu)略(lve)原(yuan)(yuan)、副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，忽(hu)略(lve)鐵(tie)心的損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)，忽(hu)略(lve)空載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)開路原(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）。例如電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在滿載(zai)運行時（副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)輸出額定功(gong)率(lv)）即接近(jin)理(li)想(xiang)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)情(qing)況。

光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)photoelectric transducer，基于(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)受(shou)到可(ke)(ke)見光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)射(she)(she)后即(ji)產生光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應，將光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號(hao)轉換(huan)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)輸出。它(ta)除能測(ce)量光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)強之外(wai)，還(huan)(huan)能利(li)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線的(de)(de)(de)透(tou)射(she)(she)、遮擋、反(fan)射(she)(she)、干涉(she)等(deng)測(ce)量多種(zhong)物(wu)理(li)量，如尺寸、位移、速度(du)、溫(wen)度(du)等(deng)，因(yin)(yin)而是一種(zhong)應用(yong)極廣泛的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)量時不與(yu)被測(ce)對(dui)象直接接觸，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量又(you)近似為零，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)測(ce)量中(zhong)不存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)摩擦和(he)對(dui)被測(ce)對(dui)象幾(ji)乎不施加(jia)壓力。因(yin)(yin)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)許(xu)多應用(yong)場合(he)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)比其(qi)他傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性。其(qi)缺點是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)某些(xie)應用(yong)方(fang)面(mian)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學器(qi)(qi)件(jian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)件(jian)價(jia)格(ge)較貴，并且對(dui)測(ce)量的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)條件(jian)要(yao)求較高(gao)。基于(yu)(yu)外(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)倍增管(guan)。基于(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導效(xiao)應的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。基于(yu)(yu)勢壘效(xiao)應的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)二極管(guan)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)三極管(guan)(見半導體光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)元(yuan)件(jian))。基于(yu)(yu)側向光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)反(fan)轉光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)(min)二極管(guan)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)還(huan)(huan)可(ke)(ke)按(an)信號(hao)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)為模擬式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)和(he)數(shu)字式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)、固體圖像(xiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)

溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)液(ye)(ye)壓壓力(li)控制(zhi)閥，在(zai)(zai)(zai)液(ye)(ye)壓設(she)備(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)起定(ding)壓溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，穩(wen)壓，系(xi)統卸荷和安全保(bao)護作用(yong)(yong)。溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥在(zai)(zai)(zai)裝(zhuang)配或使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)，由(you)于O形密封(feng)(feng)圈、組合密封(feng)(feng)圈的(de)損(sun)壞(huai)，或者安裝(zhuang)螺釘、管(guan)接頭的(de)松動(dong)(dong)(dong)，都可能造成不應(ying)有的(de)外泄(xie)漏。液(ye)(ye)壓裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)容易產生(sheng)(sheng)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)元件一(yi)般認為是(shi)(shi)泵和閥，閥中(zhong)(zhong)又以溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥和電磁換向閥等(deng)(deng)為主。產生(sheng)(sheng)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)因(yin)素很多(duo)。溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和機械(xie)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)二種(zhong)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)由(you)油液(ye)(ye)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、空穴以及液(ye)(ye)壓沖擊等(deng)(deng)原因(yin)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。機械(xie)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)由(you)閥中(zhong)(zhong)零件的(de)撞擊和磨擦等(deng)(deng)原因(yin)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。定(ding)壓溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)作用(yong)(yong)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)量(liang)泵節流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)調(diao)節系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)，定(ding)量(liang)泵提供的(de)是(shi)(shi)恒定(ding)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)。當系(xi)統壓力(li)增大(da)時(shi)，會使(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)需求(qiu)減小(xiao)。此時(shi)溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥開(kai)啟(qi)，使(shi)多(duo)余流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)溢(yi)回(hui)油箱，保(bao)證溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥進口(kou)壓力(li)，即泵出口(kou)壓力(li)恒定(ding)（閥口(kou)常(chang)隨壓力(li)波動(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)啟(qi)）。在(zai)(zai)(zai)先導型溢(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)閥發(fa)出的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，有時(shi)會有機械(xie)性的(de)高(gao)頻(pin)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，一(yi)般稱它為自(zi)激振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。這是(shi)(shi)主閥和導閥因(yin)高(gao)頻(pin)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音。它的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)率(lv)(lv)與(yu)回(hui)油管(guan)道的(de)配置(zhi)(zhi)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)、壓力(li)、油溫（粘度(du)）等(deng)(deng)因(yin)素有關。一(yi)般情況下(xia)，管(guan)道口(kou)徑小(xiao)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)少、壓力(li)高(gao)、油液(ye)(ye)粘度(du)低，自(zi)激振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)率(lv)(lv)就高(gao)

計(ji)算(suan)機與(yu)計(ji)算(suan)機或計(ji)算(suan)機與(yu)終端之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)傳送可以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)串(chuan)行通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊和(he)并行通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊二種(zhong)(zhong)方式。由(you)于(yu)串(chuan)行通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊方式具(ju)有(you)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)線(xian)路少(shao)、成本低，特別(bie)是(shi)在遠程(cheng)(cheng)傳輸時，避(bi)免了多(duo)條線(xian)路特性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致而被廣泛采(cai)用(yong)(yong)。 在串(chuan)行通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊時，要求通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊雙方都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)標(biao)準接(jie)(jie)口，使(shi)不(bu)同 的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)可以(yi)(yi)方便地連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)起來進行通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊。 RS-232-C接(jie)(jie)口（又稱 EIA RS-232-C）是(shi)目前(qian)最常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)串(chuan)行通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊接(jie)(jie)口。它是(shi)在1970年由(you)美(mei)國(guo)電子工業協會（EIA）聯合貝爾系統、 調制解調器廠家(jia)及計(ji)算(suan)機終端生產廠家(jia)共同制定的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)串(chuan)行通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊的(de)(de)(de)標(biao) 準。它的(de)(de)(de)全名是(shi)“數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)終端設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)（DTE）和(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)（DCE）之(zhi)間 串(chuan)行二進制數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)交(jiao)換接(jie)(jie)口技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準”該標(biao)準規定采(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)25個(ge)腳的(de)(de)(de) DB25連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)器，對連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)器的(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)引腳的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號內容加(jia)以(yi)(yi)規定，還對各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)信(xin) 號的(de)(de)(de)電平(ping)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)規定。以(yi)(yi)往(wang)，PC與(yu)智能(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊多(duo)借助RS232、RS485、以(yi)(yi)太網(wang)等方式，主(zhu)要取決于(yu)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)口規范。但(dan)RS232、RS485只能(neng)(neng)代表通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊的(de)(de)(de)物理介質層和(he)鏈(lian)路層，如果要實現(xian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)雙向訪問(wen)，就必須自己編(bian)寫通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊應用(yong)(yong)程(cheng)(cheng)序，但(dan)這種(zhong)(zhong)程(cheng)(cheng)序多(duo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)都不(bu)能(neng)(neng)符(fu)合ISO/OSI的(de)(de)(de)規范，只能(neng)(neng)實現(xian)較單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)類型，程(cheng)(cheng)序不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)。在RS232或RS485設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)聯成的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)網(wang)中(zhong)，如果設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量超過2臺(tai)，就必須使(shi)用(yong)(yong)RS485做通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)訊介質，RS485網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)間要想互通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)息只有(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過“主(zhu)（Master）”設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)中(zhong)轉才能(neng)(neng)實現(xian)，這個(ge)主(zhu)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常是(shi)PC，而這種(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)網(wang)中(zhong)只允許存在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)主(zhu)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，其余全部是(shi)從（Slave）設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)。而現(xian)場總(zong)(zong)線(xian)技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)ISO/OSI模型為基礎的(de)(de)(de)，具(ju)有(you)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)軟件支持系統，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)解決總(zong)(zong)線(xian)控制、沖突檢測(ce)、鏈(lian)路維護等問(wen)題.

電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（Electromagnetic valve）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)工業設備(bei)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)來控(kong)(kong)制流(liu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)化基礎元件，屬于執行器(qi)，并(bing)不限于液壓(ya)、氣動(dong)。用(yong)在工業控(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)中(zhong)調整介質的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)、流(liu)量(liang)、速度和其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)參數。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可(ke)以(yi)配合不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)來實(shi)現預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制，而控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度和靈(ling)活(huo)(huo)性都能夠保證(zheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)很多種，不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在控(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)位(wei)置發揮作(zuo)用(yong)，最常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單向(xiang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、安全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、方(fang)向(xiang)控(kong)(kong)制閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、速度調節閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)里有(you)密(mi)閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)腔(qiang)，在不同(tong)(tong)(tong)位(wei)置開(kai)有(you)通(tong)孔(kong)，每個孔(kong)連接不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)管，腔(qiang)中(zhong)間是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)活(huo)(huo)塞，兩面是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)，哪面的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)線圈(quan)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)就(jiu)會被吸引到哪邊，通(tong)過控(kong)(kong)制閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)移動(dong)來開(kai)啟或(huo)關閉(bi)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)，而進油(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，液壓(ya)油(you)(you)(you)就(jiu)會進入(ru)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)(you)(you)管，然后通(tong)過油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)來推動(dong)油(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)塞，活(huo)(huo)塞又帶(dai)動(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞桿，活(huo)(huo)塞桿帶(dai)動(dong)機械(xie)裝(zhuang)置。這樣通(tong)過控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)斷就(jiu)控(kong)(kong)制了機械(xie)運(yun)動(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)和磁(ci)(ci)芯組成，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)包含一個或(huo)幾(ji)個孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)。當(dang)線圈(quan)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，磁(ci)(ci)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)轉將導(dao)致(zhi)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)通(tong)過閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)或(huo)被切斷，以(yi)達到改變流(liu)體(ti)(ti)方(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)部件由固定(ding)鐵(tie)芯、動(dong)鐵(tie)芯、線圈(quan)等部件組成；閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)部分由滑閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芯、滑閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)套、彈簧底(di)座等組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線圈(quan)被直接安裝(zhuang)在閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)上，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)被封閉(bi)在密(mi)封管中(zhong)，構成一個簡潔、緊(jin)湊的(de)(de)(de)(de)組合。我們在生產中(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)二(er)(er)位(wei)三通(tong)、二(er)(er)位(wei)四通(tong)、二(er)(er)位(wei)五通(tong)等。這里先(xian)說(shuo)(shuo)說(shuo)(shuo)二(er)(er)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含義：對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)來說(shuo)(shuo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和失(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)于所(suo)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門來說(shuo)(shuo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)和關。

SCHUNK雄克    備件    301481
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸(夾爪)    PGN-plus 200-1/ID:0371105
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    0371102_PGN-PLUS100-1
SCHUNK雄克    汽缸    302132
SCHUNK雄克    備件    HG-GWB44
SCHUNK雄克    刀爪（刀庫）    Nr. 30061439
SCHUNK雄克    平行卡爪    340061
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉氣缸    SRH+20-S-M8;359446
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0371401  PGN+80-1
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸(夾抓)    PGN+200/1  371105
SCHUNK雄克    抓手    MPG40  30009623
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PGN+125/1AS.371403
SCHUNK雄克    限位開關    KA BW08-L 3P-0500-NPN 9641116
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0305511
SCHUNK雄克    前抓手氣缸    GMP 28-Z
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸傳感器    MMS 22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    30030953
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0370100
SCHUNK雄克    備件    Description:PZV 64 ID:0304000
SCHUNK雄克    solenoid switch    0301370
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    p/n：354510
SCHUNK雄克    后垂直移動氣缸    LM 100-H100/125
SCHUNK雄克    插頭    9935815
SCHUNK雄克    cylinder    SRU+40-W-180-3-8-M8 362224
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    SRH+20-S 359446
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-125/2  AS 370453
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    GSM-P-32-AS-S-180  303931
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    0371103 PGN-plus-125-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    302452   SWK-150   0850ZSD000
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG 20 訂貨號：340009
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PZB+100-1IS 305174
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    ACE-Z-050  324452
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    FPS-S13  訂貨號0301705
SCHUNK雄克    二指平動機械手    MPG-PLUS 15
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PGN64/1  370100
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PZN-PLUS160
SCHUNK雄克    備件    899999
SCHUNK雄克    備件    5523132 MMSK 22-S-PNP-5m cable
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMSK22-2-NPN-SA
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMSK22-S-PNP 5523132
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    氣缸PZN160/1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301578 IN 80/S-M12
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    INK 80/S m8
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    DPG-100/1S(370263)
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    300349PZB160
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MCS12   0307010
SCHUNK雄克    平行氣爪    PGN50-1 370099
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GWB-54
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SRU50.2-180-3
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    206436
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    微夾鉗氣缸    PGN-PLUS-50-1-AS
SCHUNK雄克    附件    型號:PGN-plus 200-2 AS
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    INW40  301504
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    JGP-240-EN
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    362245  SRU+40+VM
SCHUNK雄克    三指夾爪    MPZ 20
SCHUNK雄克    鎖緊螺母    T20057263  K1597639
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS-P 22-S-M8-PNP (0301370)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS-P 22-S-M8-PNP  0301370
SCHUNK雄克    氣動盤    DPG+125-2-KVZ
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    GJZ160-1 0308960
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    MPG-32/340011
SCHUNK雄克    刀爪（刀庫）    Nr. 30061440
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PWG 230-B 30031109
SCHUNK雄克    傾斜頭    SRH PLUS-M12-A(0359297)
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PGN+200/2 AS 371455
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    PGN 50-1  370399
SCHUNK雄克    控制器    0307010 MCS-12 F EGN/EZN
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PGN-Plus-50-1-AS 0371399
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    ID:0208144
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG40 340012
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    88022309
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    PZN-plus 240-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-PLUS100-1 ID:0371102
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PZN-PLUS 64-1-AS   0303510
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0314094 LM 300-H275
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SWS-011A15  9936356
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-plus 80 0371101
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GZB-S20/14
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉夾爪    0313313 RP-2128-Z
SCHUNK雄克    夾緊氣缸    DPG+200/1AS（304363）
SCHUNK雄克    磁性開關    301045（舊號301445）
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    LGR10 0312970
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    301474
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    308651 JGP 125-1 AS
SCHUNK雄克    機器人手爪插頭    9120-R26-T
SCHUNK雄克    插座接頭    9935819
SCHUNK雄克    備件    E101 25/2×32×50
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PINZA 2 GRIFFE PARALLELE 305521
SCHUNK雄克    發電機主碳刷    A24X 20*40*100
SCHUNK雄克    接地碳刷    S13/F19 8×20×50
SCHUNK雄克    快換夾頭    SWA-071-000-000    302371
SCHUNK雄克    備件    LAUMHFS3-80-2  VDI30
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸傳感器    413.9100.738 MX1316.301032MMS22-SPM8G44
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PZN PLUS 80-1/IS=303541
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GJZ160-1
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    PGN+64-1  371090
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN+200-1(ID:0371105)
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0207933
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0205281
SCHUNK雄克    電刷    B14Z1
SCHUNK雄克    INSERTION UNIT    450071
SCHUNK雄克    后抓手氣缸    GMP 28-Z
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS22-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    HSK-A63  0204058
SCHUNK雄克    電磁開關    IN 80-S-M8（301478）
SCHUNK雄克    卡盤    TPS200-52
SCHUNK雄克    備件    RM15  NR.0313001
SCHUNK雄克    夾持器    PZN+64-1-AS  0303510
SCHUNK雄克    備件    Nr.9641211
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    INW80/O-M12 (301518)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    30063036
SCHUNK雄克    備件    9936162 DSV-G8-8
SCHUNK雄克    信號線    M16 /KV-5-DDF-R-10 5m
SCHUNK雄克    氣動手指    PZN-PLUS64-1
SCHUNK雄克    勵磁機刷握鉸鏈夾具    06.23.1089.60
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PGN64/2 0370150
SCHUNK雄克    磁性開關    MMSK22-S
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0340009 MPG20
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301248
SCHUNK雄克    solenoid switch    0301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    Parallelgreifer PGN-plus 50-2
SCHUNK雄克    氣動盤    0304348
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    dwg100 30010013
SCHUNK雄克    備件    DOUB. PAR GRIPP.MPG 40 0340012 SCHUNK雄克 SC
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG 40-AS
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    RH905 Ident-NO:360110
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-PLUS 125-1-AS 0371403
SCHUNK雄克    備件    391469
SCHUNK雄克    適配器    GWA125/302525/48678
SCHUNK雄克    氣壓缸    PWG130B
SCHUNK雄克    備件    B26451
SCHUNK雄克    力傳感器    FMS-ZBA 100 301836
SCHUNK雄克    備件    訂貨號300610   型號：PZN64-1AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0302611 PWG 40-S
SCHUNK雄克    電器件    in60/s-m8 Angevin:10000182/1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGF 80 AF 340371
SCHUNK雄克    電纜    31000750
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    304357  DPG+160-2AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS 22-S-M5-PNP-SA-EX 0301320
SCHUNK雄克    抓手    JGP 125-1    0308650
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0370104
SCHUNK雄克    接頭    9935816
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    MPG-plus-32
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    JGP125-1-AS
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    平行夾具    340012  MPG40
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    FPS-S13  訂貨號0301705
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-PLUS  125-2-AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-PLUS-300-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS22-SPM8
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PZB-plus 125-2
SCHUNK雄克    備件    JGZ240-1 370987
SCHUNK雄克    氣動手指    PZN-PLUS64-1
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    0303311 PZN+80-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0008794XMMS22-SPM80301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301033 MMS22-S-M8-NPN
SCHUNK雄克    開關    301478
SCHUNK雄克    行夾    PGN-PLUS100-1(0371102)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PFH50  0302050
SCHUNK雄克    備件    39303060  KGG 80-30 V
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    PGN-plus 125-1 0371103
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PGN-PLUS200-1-AS-KVZ
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PGN+125/1
SCHUNK雄克    防水插頭（公）    KAS-26B-K-90-C
SCHUNK雄克(ke)    備件  ;  0304421  DPZ+80-1

SCHUNK雄克夾爪氣缸PGN+125/1翊霈供應

SCHUNK雄克夾爪氣缸PGN+125/1翊霈供應