傳感器（英文名稱：transducer/sensor）是一種檢測裝置，能感受到被測量的信息，并能將感受到的信息，按一定規律變換成為電信號或其他所需形式的信息輸出，以滿足信息的傳輸、處理、存儲、顯示、記錄和控制等要求。
傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點包括：微型化(hua)、數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)、智能化(hua)、多功(gong)能化(hua)、系統化(hua)、網(wang)絡(luo)化(hua)。它是實現(xian)自(zi)動檢(jian)測和自(zi)動控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要環節。傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)和發(fa)展(zhan)，讓物(wu)體(ti)有(you)了(le)(le)觸(chu)覺(jue)、味(wei)覺(jue)和嗅覺(jue)等(deng)感(gan)(gan)官，讓物(wu)體(ti)慢慢變得活了(le)(le)起來。通(tong)常根據(ju)其(qi)基本(ben)感(gan)(gan)知(zhi)功(gong)能分為(wei)熱敏(min)(min)(min)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、光(guang)敏(min)(min)(min)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、氣(qi)敏(min)(min)(min)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、力(li)敏(min)(min)(min)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、磁(ci)敏(min)(min)(min)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、濕敏(min)(min)(min)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、聲敏(min)(min)(min)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、放射線敏(min)(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、色敏(min)(min)(min)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和味(wei)敏(min)(min)(min)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)十大類。基礎學(xue)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)，傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)更具有(you)突出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位。現(xian)代科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，進入了(le)(le)許多新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)領(ling)域(yu)：例如在(zai)(zai)(zai)宏觀上(shang)(shang)要觀察(cha)上(shang)(shang)千(qian)光(guang)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茫茫宇宙(zhou)，微觀上(shang)(shang)要觀察(cha)小到fm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒(li)子世(shi)界，縱向上(shang)(shang)要觀察(cha)長達數(shu)(shu)十萬年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天體(ti)演(yan)化(hua)，短到 s的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間反(fan)應。此外，還出現(xian)了(le)(le)對深化(hua)物(wu)質認識、開(kai)拓新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)材料等(deng)具有(you)重(zhong)要作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種極端技術(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)，如超(chao)高溫、超(chao)低溫、超(chao)高壓、超(chao)高真空(kong)、*磁(ci)場(chang)、超(chao)弱磁(ci)場(chang)等(deng)等(deng)。顯(xian)然(ran)，要獲取(qu)大量人類感(gan)(gan)官無法直接獲取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息，沒有(you)相適應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)是不(bu)可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。許多基礎科(ke)(ke)學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)障礙，首(shou)先就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)對象信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獲取(qu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)困難，而一(yi)(yi)些新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)機理和高靈(ling)敏(min)(min)(min)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)，往往會導致該(gai)領(ling)域(yu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突破。一(yi)(yi)些傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，往往是一(yi)(yi)些邊(bian)緣學(xue)科(ke)(ke)開(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先驅(qu)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，通(tong)常簡稱其容(rong)(rong)納電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)本領為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，用(yong)字母C表示(shi)。定(ding)義(yi)1：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，顧名(ming)思(si)義(yi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)‘裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)’，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種容(rong)(rong)納電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)件。英(ying)文名(ming)稱：capacitor。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備中大(da)量使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元件之一(yi)，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的(de)(de)(de)(de)隔直(zhi)通(tong)交(jiao)，耦合(he)，旁路，濾波，調諧(xie)回路， 能量轉換(huan)，控(kong)制(zhi)等(deng)方面。定(ding)義(yi)2：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，任(ren)何(he)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)彼此絕緣且(qie)相隔很近的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)體（包(bao)括導(dao)線）間(jian)都構成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)兩(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)和中間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介質(zhi)(zhi)（包(bao)括空氣）構成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差），但是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于中間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)以整個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。不過(guo)，這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況是(shi)(shi)(shi)在沒有超過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)臨界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提條件下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們知道(dao)，任(ren)何(he)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)相對絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，當物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)加大(da)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)程度后，物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)都可以導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，我們稱這個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)叫擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)也不例(li)外(wai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)被擊穿(chuan)后，就不是(shi)(shi)(shi)絕緣體了。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)以后,在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia),與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 自由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子將經過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)移到(dao)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)下(xia), 正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由(you)于失去負(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷而(er)帶正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian), 負(fu)(fu)(fu) 極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由(you)于獲得負(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷而(er)帶負(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),正(zheng),負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)所(suo)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷大(da)小相等(deng),符號相反.

變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)（Transformer）是(shi)(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應的(de)(de)原(yuan)理來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)裝置，主(zhu)要構件是(shi)(shi)初級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、次級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)和(he)鐵(tie)(tie)芯（磁(ci)芯）。主(zhu)要功能有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換、阻抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換、隔離、穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（磁(ci)飽和(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)）等。按用途可以(yi)分(fen)為：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)和(he)特殊(shu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、整流(liu)(liu)(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、工頻(pin)(pin)試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)、調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)、礦用變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、音(yin)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)、中(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)、高頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)、沖擊(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)、儀用變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)、互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)等）鐵(tie)(tie)心的(de)(de)作用是(shi)(shi)加(jia)強兩(liang)個線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)間(jian)的(de)(de)磁(ci)耦合(he)(he)。為了減少鐵(tie)(tie)內渦流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)磁(ci)滯損耗，鐵(tie)(tie)心由涂(tu)漆(qi)的(de)(de)硅鋼片(pian)疊壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而成(cheng);兩(liang)個線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)之間(jian)沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)關聯，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)由絕(jue)緣銅線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（或鋁線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）繞成(cheng)。一個線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)接(jie)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源稱為初級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)（或原(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)），另一個線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)接(jie)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)稱為次級(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)（或副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)）。實際的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)很復雜(za)的(de)(de)，不可避(bi)免地(di)存在(zai)銅損（線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻發(fa)熱）、鐵(tie)(tie)損（鐵(tie)(tie)心發(fa)熱）和(he)漏磁(ci)（經(jing)空(kong)氣閉(bi)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)磁(ci)感(gan)應線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）等，為了簡化討論這(zhe)里(li)只(zhi)介紹理想(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。理想(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)成(cheng)立(li)的(de)(de)條件是(shi)(shi)：忽略漏磁(ci)通，忽略原(yuan)、副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，忽略鐵(tie)(tie)心的(de)(de)損耗，忽略空(kong)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)（副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)開路(lu)原(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)）。例如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)在(zai)滿載運(yun)行時（副(fu)(fu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)輸出額定功率）即接(jie)近理想(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)情況。

計算機(ji)(ji)與(yu)計算機(ji)(ji)或計算機(ji)(ji)與(yu)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)之(zhi)間的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)傳送可以(yi)采(cai)用串(chuan)行(xing)(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)和(he)(he)并行(xing)(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)二種(zhong)方(fang)式。由于串(chuan)行(xing)(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)方(fang)式具有使(shi)用線路(lu)(lu)少、成本(ben)低，特別是(shi)在遠程(cheng)傳輸時，避免了(le)多(duo)(duo)條(tiao)線路(lu)(lu)特性的(de)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)致而(er)被廣(guang)泛采(cai)用。 在串(chuan)行(xing)(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)時，要(yao)求通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)雙方(fang)都采(cai)用一(yi)(yi)個(ge)標準(zhun)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)，使(shi)不(bu)(bu)同 的(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)可以(yi)方(fang)便(bian)地連接(jie)(jie)起來(lai)進行(xing)(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)。 RS-232-C接(jie)(jie)口(kou)（又(you)稱(cheng) EIA RS-232-C）是(shi)目前最常用的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)串(chuan)行(xing)(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)。它是(shi)在1970年由美國電子工業(ye)協會（EIA）聯合(he)貝爾(er)系統、 調(diao)制(zhi)解調(diao)器(qi)廠家(jia)及計算機(ji)(ji)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)生產廠家(jia)共同制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)用于串(chuan)行(xing)(xing)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)的(de)標 準(zhun)。它的(de)全(quan)(quan)名是(shi)“數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)（DTE）和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)（DCE）之(zhi)間 串(chuan)行(xing)(xing)二進制(zhi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)交換接(jie)(jie)口(kou)技術(shu)標準(zhun)”該(gai)標準(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)采(cai)用一(yi)(yi)個(ge)25個(ge)腳的(de) DB25連接(jie)(jie)器(qi)，對連接(jie)(jie)器(qi)的(de)每個(ge)引(yin)腳的(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)內容(rong)加以(yi)規(gui)定(ding)，還對各(ge)種(zhong)信(xin) 號(hao)(hao)的(de)電平加以(yi)規(gui)定(ding)。以(yi)往，PC與(yu)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)多(duo)(duo)借(jie)助RS232、RS485、以(yi)太網(wang)等方(fang)式，主要(yao)取決于設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)規(gui)范。但(dan)RS232、RS485只能(neng)(neng)(neng)代表通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)的(de)物理介質層(ceng)和(he)(he)鏈(lian)路(lu)(lu)層(ceng)，如(ru)果要(yao)實(shi)(shi)現數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)雙向訪問(wen)，就必須自己編寫(xie)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)應(ying)用程(cheng)序，但(dan)這種(zhong)程(cheng)序多(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)都不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)符合(he)ISO/OSI的(de)規(gui)范，只能(neng)(neng)(neng)實(shi)(shi)現較單(dan)一(yi)(yi)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，適用于單(dan)一(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)類型(xing)，程(cheng)序不(bu)(bu)具備(bei)通(tong)用性。在RS232或RS485設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)聯成的(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)網(wang)中(zhong)，如(ru)果設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)超過(guo)2臺，就必須使(shi)用RS485做(zuo)通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)介質，RS485網(wang)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)間要(yao)想互通(tong)信(xin)息(xi)只有通(tong)過(guo)“主（Master）”設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)中(zhong)轉才能(neng)(neng)(neng)實(shi)(shi)現，這個(ge)主設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)通(tong)常是(shi)PC，而(er)這種(zhong)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)網(wang)中(zhong)只允許存在一(yi)(yi)個(ge)主設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，其(qi)余全(quan)(quan)部是(shi)從(cong)（Slave）設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)。而(er)現場(chang)總線技術(shu)是(shi)以(yi)ISO/OSI模型(xing)為基礎的(de)，具有完整的(de)軟(ruan)件支持系統，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠解決總線控制(zhi)、沖突檢測、鏈(lian)路(lu)(lu)維(wei)護等問(wen)題(ti).

電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（Electromagnetic valve）是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)設備，是(shi)(shi)用(yong)來(lai)控(kong)制(zhi)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)基(ji)礎元件(jian)(jian)，屬(shu)于執行器(qi)，并不(bu)(bu)限于液壓(ya)、氣動(dong)(dong)(dong)。用(yong)在工(gong)(gong)業(ye)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統中調整介質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向、流(liu)量、速度(du)和其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)數。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可以配合不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路來(lai)實(shi)現預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)，而控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度(du)和靈活(huo)(huo)性都(dou)能(neng)夠保證。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有很(hen)多(duo)種，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)位(wei)置發揮作用(yong)，最(zui)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)單(dan)向閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、安(an)全閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、方(fang)向控(kong)制(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、速度(du)調節閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)里有密閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腔(qiang)(qiang)，在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)位(wei)置開有通(tong)(tong)孔(kong)(kong)，每(mei)個孔(kong)(kong)連接(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油管(guan)(guan)，腔(qiang)(qiang)中間(jian)是(shi)(shi)活(huo)(huo)塞，兩面(mian)是(shi)(shi)兩塊電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵，哪(na)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)就會被(bei)吸(xi)引到(dao)哪(na)邊，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)來(lai)開啟或關(guan)閉(bi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油孔(kong)(kong)，而進油孔(kong)(kong)是(shi)(shi)常開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，液壓(ya)油就會進入不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油管(guan)(guan)，然后通(tong)(tong)過(guo)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)來(lai)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)油缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)塞，活(huo)(huo)塞又帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞桿(gan)，活(huo)(huo)塞桿(gan)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機械(xie)裝(zhuang)置。這樣通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)斷(duan)就控(kong)制(zhi)了機械(xie)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)由電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)和磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯組成，是(shi)(shi)包含(han)一個或幾個孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。當線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)或斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)時，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)轉將導致流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)或被(bei)切斷(duan)，以達(da)到(dao)改(gai)變流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)方(fang)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)部件(jian)(jian)由固定鐵芯、動(dong)(dong)(dong)鐵芯、線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)等(deng)部件(jian)(jian)組成；閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)部分由滑閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芯、滑閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)套、彈(dan)簧(huang)底座等(deng)組成。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)被(bei)直接(jie)(jie)安(an)裝(zhuang)在閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)被(bei)封閉(bi)在密封管(guan)(guan)中，構成一個簡潔、緊湊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合。我(wo)們在生產中常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有二位(wei)三通(tong)(tong)、二位(wei)四(si)通(tong)(tong)、二位(wei)五通(tong)(tong)等(deng)。這里先說(shuo)說(shuo)二位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)義：對于電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)來(lai)說(shuo)就是(shi)(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)和失電(dian)(dian)，對于所控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)來(lai)說(shuo)就是(shi)(shi)開和關(guan)。

SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PGN-PLUS64-1
SCHUNK雄克    開關    IN-40-S-M12  0301574
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    PGN-plus-200-1-AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN 200/2 39370155
SCHUNK雄克    夾緊缸    DPG+125-1-IS-V-K 30064879
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PZN+160-1
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    0371093 PGN-plus 64-2-AS
SCHUNK雄克    parallel gripper    30053284
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    PGN+80-2AS 371451
SCHUNK雄克    三角氣缸    303639
SCHUNK雄克    備件    340042  MPG 40 AS
SCHUNK雄克    switch    IN80-S-M8 301478
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉氣缸    SRU+50-W/362624
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    301500
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0312953
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301241
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PGN+ 160/1AS  371404
SCHUNK雄克    (夾爪氣缸)    JGZ160
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    301484
SCHUNK雄克    備件    301295  KAS-19B-A-90-C
SCHUNK雄克    后水平移動氣缸    PMP 16-450
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN+200-1(ID:0371105)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    Parallelgreifer MPG32
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    0303060
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    SWK-110-000-000
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    301474
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-plus 125-1 AS 訂貨號：371403
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    0204444
SCHUNK雄克    碳刷    F19/S13 20*8*64  25*12.5*64
SCHUNK雄克    備件    370399
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301742 V2-M12
SCHUNK雄克    備件    9935816  Energie Element R19-Adapter 19 Pin
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0340313 KGG 280
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    0301810
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0340014-MPG64
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    JGP240-1
SCHUNK雄克    刀架    SDF-HSK-A32-D8-L80
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪手指    MPG32  0340011
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    301504
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    ID:0208140
SCHUNK雄克    副槍極限    MMS 30-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG 32 AS 0305512
SCHUNK雄克    連接電纜    KA BW08-L 3P-0300-PNP（301594）
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    PGN PLUS125-1-AS-K
SCHUNK雄克    備件    DPG-PLUS 64-1-AS ID.NR.0304313
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    IN 40/S-M12 301574
SCHUNK雄克    備件    配PZN+16O-1，303314 使用中彩色標注部分86
SCHUNK雄克    修理包(夾爪氣缸)    PGN-PLUS 200
SCHUNK雄克    relay switch    MMS 22-S-M8-PNP 0301432
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    219226
SCHUNK雄克    Seal ring    370503
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PZSD 170
SCHUNK雄克    備件    30047343 PSH 42/2
SCHUNK雄克    proximity switch    0301471
SCHUNK雄克    備件    Schwenkeinheit SFL 25
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    0204465
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    DPG+100-90ASHT  39307110
SCHUNK雄克    抓手    371154
SCHUNK雄克    快速更換    WK-150-R19-000 SIDE
SCHUNK雄克    感應器    MMS-P 22-S-M8-PNP 0301370
SCHUNK雄克    磁性開關    MMS22-S-M8-PNP-SA 0301042
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    SRU50.2 30035835
SCHUNK雄克    中間套    GZB-S-20-14
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS22-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    DPG-PLVS200-1AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    5516387 COVER;PLATE 4;PFH300
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GWB80  0307139
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0207929
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    MPG plus 32 0305511
SCHUNK雄克    接近傳感器    MMS22-SPM8
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    0340040 MPG 25-AS
SCHUNK雄克    氣動夾爪    0304343 DPG-PLUS125-1AS
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PZN80-1
SCHUNK雄克    夾持氣缸    0323033 DDF-31-S
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    KGG220 0340312
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0435105
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SWS-011  9936357
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸（cylinder）    40100146 COLLET D26MM FOR USE WITH COLL
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    JGP240-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0312972
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0308670  JGP200-1
SCHUNK雄克    適配器    0303023
SCHUNK雄克    angular gripper    307137
SCHUNK雄克    前水平移動氣缸    PMP 16-250
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MPG 50 340013
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    0340041
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS 22-S-M5-NPN-SA
SCHUNK雄克    備件    302520
SCHUNK雄克    快換接頭    9935820
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸磁性開關    0301032
SCHUNK雄克    刷握    BRE25S
SCHUNK雄克    并行卡爪clamping jaw    PGN+64-1 0371090
SCHUNK雄克    槍盤    SWA150 0302453
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PZN 80-1(300311)
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    JGP 64-1-AS 308621
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    JGZ160-1(ID:0308960)
SCHUNK雄克    檢測開關    IN 22/S-M8
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    KGG-80 340310
SCHUNK雄克    平行卡爪    0340040
SCHUNK雄克    備件    貨號355521   旋轉手指GFS32 90° l
SCHUNK雄克    油壓夾頭    SK50-HC20G-110
SCHUNK雄克    配件包（包含高頻焊活塞環03000）    235700073
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SWA-150-R19-000 SIDE
SCHUNK雄克    手爪    PZN-PLUS 64-1
SCHUNK雄克    電器件    in60/s-m8 Angevin:10000182/1
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    0301370
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉開關    SRU+35-W(362030)
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器電纜    W5-M12
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    RH901K-FF-PXS-0C1
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    PZN+100-1  303312
SCHUNK雄克    備件    5523132 MMSK 22-S-PNP-5m cable
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    303061
SCHUNK雄克    連接電纜    KA BW08-L 3P-0300-PNP（301594）
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS22-SM8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    PWG 65-F  302630
SCHUNK雄克    備件    9935816
SCHUNK雄克    夾盤PZN    PZN+100-1-SD  訂貨號：37303312  編號：1202037
SCHUNK雄克    開關    M9BL
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    HWK 040-A15 30032890
SCHUNK雄克    爪子    88034750
SCHUNK雄克    fingers blank steel    0300715 16MnCr 5
SCHUNK雄克    備件    IN40/S-M8 301474
SCHUNK雄克    開關線    0301474 IN40-S-M8 NHS PNP
SCHUNK雄克    二指平動機械手    PFH 40-AS （302041）
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    IN 80-S-M8-SA  0301483
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-plus 80-1 0371101
SCHUNK雄克    備件    LGP25   312912
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    0303941GSM-P-40-AS-S-180
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GWB 34  307135
SCHUNK雄克    電纜    KA BW08-L 3P-0300-PNP 0301594
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    PGN-plus 80 371101
SCHUNK雄克    航空插頭    9935815  R19-KOPF FÜR
SCHUNK雄克    彈夾    06.47.0165.00
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    40008378
SCHUNK雄克    夾具    340041
SCHUNK雄克    氣爪    MPG16  0340008
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0371092  PGN_Plus_64_1_AS
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    JGZ-160 308960
SCHUNK雄克    平行卡爪    340061
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉單元    SRU20.2-180-3-4-EDF
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-PLUS100-1 ID:0371102
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    PGN+50-1-AS  30053271
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PHE 100/120 （300990）
SCHUNK雄克    后抓手氣缸    GMP 28-Z
SCHUNK雄克    筒夾    12-6
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    GSM-P 32-E-090 304630 gripper
SCHUNK雄克    備件    INW80/S-M8
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SRU-PLUS 35-W-180°-3-4
SCHUNK雄克    插座    9935861
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN+200-1  37371105
SCHUNK雄克    石墨管    10154378
SCHUNK雄克    備件    IN 40-S-M8 301474
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0305160
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪 gripper    PGF 80 AS   340371
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    MMS22-S-M8-PNP 0301032
SCHUNK雄克    備件    IN40/S-8M
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    303061
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PFH 150 302000
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    PWG80-S part NO：R16301
SCHUNK雄克    手爪    PZN-PLUS 64-1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    INK80-S   301550
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SRU+35-W   362030
SCHUNK雄克    換型系統    SWA-011-000-000 0302317
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PGN-PLUS-200-2
SCHUNK雄克    機械氣爪    ORG 85 PNEU.6-FINGER-O-RING-GREIFER 304120
SCHUNK雄克    遠程補償中心    FUS-113B
SCHUNK雄克    備件    324160
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪gripper jaws    PGN160-2/370154
SCHUNK雄克    三爪氣缸    PZN 50 1 HUB=4MM 300309
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PGN200-1
SCHUNK雄克    卡爪    30014095
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMSK22-S-PNP 5523132
SCHUNK雄克    過濾袋    ECC5R12.26000
SCHUNK雄克    碳刷    碳刷C80X  40*25*55
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    PGN+80/1 AS 371401
SCHUNK雄克    備件    301469
SCHUNK雄克    電器件    30056258
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SPC40RF
SCHUNK雄克    備件    GSM-P-32-S-180 價目表里面有
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN 80-1 0370101
SCHUNK雄克    平行卡爪    0340040
SCHUNK雄克    備件    INW 80/O-M12 訂貨號：301518
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG40   340012
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸(夾爪)    PGN-plus 200-1/ID:0371105
SCHUNK雄克    備件    EGP 40-N-N-B 訂貨號 0310940
SCHUNK雄克    卡盤    0305150 PZB+64-1
SCHUNK雄克    開關線    0301034 MMSK 22-S-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    備件    OSE-A34-0  354300
SCHUNK雄克    夾緊氣缸    0312916 LGP 40 AS
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG+40 0305521
SCHUNK雄克    備件    10466736  218177 /B
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸    0370402 PGN 100/1
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS 30-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    刀柄    219228
SCHUNK雄克    自動記錄器    SRU  PLUS 20W 180 3 4 M8
SCHUNK雄克    碳刷    E46F3 (16*25*50)
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN-300-1 AS 370406
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    MPG 32 0340011
SCHUNK雄克    備件    SRU-352 357848
SCHUNK雄克    氣動夾爪    0308910-JGZ-50-1
SCHUNK雄克    平行卡爪    340061
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    0371401 PGN-PLUS 80-1 AS 1259739
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PGN 80-1 0370101
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    SFL-40-S-180 304065 swivel uni
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0371456 PGN+300-2-AS
SCHUNK雄克    碳刷    E108  065776
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    PGNPLUS300-1(ID;0371106)
SCHUNK雄克    夾具    PGN100/2 0370452
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    0302122 PSH 22-1
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪氣缸/Parellgripper    RH918
SCHUNK雄克    開關    IN80/S-M8
SCHUNK雄克    傳感器    FPS-S13  訂貨號0301705
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MPG 40
SCHUNK雄克    備件    0301555 INK 40-S
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    MPG64 340014
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    MPG20-AS 0340039
SCHUNK雄克    機械手    PGN-plus-64-1-AS  0371092
SCHUNK雄克    備件    371102
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MGP-25
SCHUNK雄克    感應器    301035  MMSK22-S-NPN
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉氣缸    SRU+35 30055461
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PHE 100/120 （300990）
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS 22-S-M8-PNP-SA ID:0301442
SCHUNK雄克    夾爪    SZKA268
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS 22S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    插頭模塊    9937328（1311ZNY011）
SCHUNK雄克    備件    PZN+64-1  303640
SCHUNK雄克    備件    貨號355522   旋轉手指GFS32 90° r
SCHUNK雄克    旋轉氣缸    OSE-A57-1  Turn Unit OSE-A57-1 /90度
SCHUNK雄克    連接電纜    0349564
SCHUNK雄克    備件    MMS22-S-M8-PNP
SCHUNK雄克    備件    371401 PGN+80 -1  AS
SCHUNK雄克    二指平動機械手    MPG-PLUS 12
SCHUNK雄克    接近開關    0301478 IN80-S-M8
SCHUNK雄克    氣缸    AGE-Z-50 324452

SCHUNK雄克(ke)  旋轉(zhuan)氣缸 OSE-A57-1翊霈供應

SCHUNK雄克  旋轉氣缸 OSE-A57-1翊霈供應