光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)尺(chi)(chi)，也稱(cheng)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)尺(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器（光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)尺(chi)(chi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器），是利用(yong)(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學原(yuan)理工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)反饋裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)尺(chi)(chi)經常應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閉環伺服系統中(zhong)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)作直(zhi)線(xian)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)或者(zhe)角位(wei)(wei)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)(ce)。其(qi)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)輸出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信號為(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字脈沖，具有檢測(ce)(ce)范圍大，檢測(ce)(ce)精度高，響應(ying)(ying)速度快的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)尺(chi)(chi)按照(zhao)制(zhi)(zhi)造方(fang)(fang)法和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學原(yuan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同，分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)透射光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)和(he)反射光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)尺(chi)(chi)是由(you)(you)標尺(chi)(chi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)兩(liang)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)組(zu)成。標尺(chi)(chi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)一(yi)般(ban)固定在(zai)(zai)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)固定部(bu)件(jian)上(shang)(shang)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)活動部(bu)件(jian)上(shang)(shang)，指(zhi)示光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)中(zhong)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實質是以光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)距為(wei)一(yi)把標準尺(chi)(chi)子對(dui)(dui)位(wei)(wei)稱(cheng)量(liang)進行測(ce)(ce)量(liang)。高分(fen)(fen)(fen)辨率的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)尺(chi)(chi)一(yi)般(ban)造價(jia)較貴(gui)，且制(zhi)(zhi)造困難(nan)。為(wei)了提高系統分(fen)(fen)(fen)辨率，需要(yao)對(dui)(dui)莫(mo)(mo)爾(er)(er)條(tiao)紋進行細(xi)(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，目前（2006年）光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)尺(chi)(chi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器系統多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電子細(xi)(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)方(fang)(fang)法。當兩(liang)塊光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)以微小(xiao)傾角重疊時，在(zai)(zai)與光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)刻線(xian)大致垂直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向上(shang)(shang)就會(hui)產生(sheng)莫(mo)(mo)爾(er)(er)條(tiao)紋，隨(sui)著(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)移(yi)動，莫(mo)(mo)爾(er)(er)條(tiao)紋也隨(sui)之上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)移(yi)動。這樣就把對(dui)(dui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)距的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)對(dui)(dui)莫(mo)(mo)爾(er)(er)條(tiao)紋個數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)。一(yi)般(ban)將主尺(chi)(chi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作臺（滑板）上(shang)(shang)，隨(sui)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)走(zou)刀而(er)動，讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)固定在(zai)(zai)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)，盡可能使(shi)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)主尺(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)方(fang)(fang)。其(qi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇必(bi)須注意切(qie)屑(xie)、切(qie)削(xue)液及油液的(de)(de)(de)(de)濺落方(fang)(fang)向。如(ru)果(guo)由(you)(you)于(yu)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)限制(zhi)(zhi)必(bi)須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)朝上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時，則必(bi)須增加(jia)輔助(zhu)密封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。另外，一(yi)般(ban)情況下(xia)(xia)，讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)應(ying)(ying)盡量(liang)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)靜(jing)止(zhi)部(bu)件(jian)上(shang)(shang)，此時輸出(chu)(chu)導線(xian)不移(yi)動易固定，而(er)尺(chi)(chi)身(shen)則應(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件(jian)上(shang)(shang)（如(ru)滑板）。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)檢測(ce)(ce)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，它由(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源、會(hui)聚透鏡、指(zhi)示光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電元件(jian)及調整機構(gou)等組(zu)成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)結(jie)構(gou)形式很多(duo)，根據讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)結(jie)構(gou)特點(dian)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)場合分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)直(zhi)接接收式讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(或稱(cheng)硅(gui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電池讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、鏡像式讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡式讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、金屬光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)反射式讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)）。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（Electromagnetic valve）是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工業設(she)備，是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)來控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化基礎(chu)元件(jian)，屬于執行器，并不(bu)限于液壓(ya)、氣動(dong)(dong)(dong)。用(yong)(yong)在(zai)工業控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調(diao)整介質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)、流(liu)量、速度(du)和(he)其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參數。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可以配合不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路來實現預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，而控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度(du)和(he)靈活性(xing)都(dou)能(neng)夠(gou)保證。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有很多(duo)種，不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)位(wei)(wei)置發揮作用(yong)(yong)，最常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)單向(xiang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、安(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、方向(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、速度(du)調(diao)節閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)里有密(mi)閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腔(qiang)，在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)位(wei)(wei)置開(kai)有通(tong)(tong)(tong)孔，每個(ge)孔連接不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)管，腔(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間是(shi)(shi)活塞(sai)(sai)，兩面是(shi)(shi)兩塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)，哪(na)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)就(jiu)會被吸引到(dao)哪(na)邊(bian)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)來開(kai)啟或關閉不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)(you)孔，而進油(you)(you)孔是(shi)(shi)常開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，液壓(ya)油(you)(you)就(jiu)會進入不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)(you)管，然后通(tong)(tong)(tong)過油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力來推動(dong)(dong)(dong)油(you)(you)缸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活塞(sai)(sai)，活塞(sai)(sai)又帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)活塞(sai)(sai)桿，活塞(sai)(sai)桿帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)械裝置。這樣通(tong)(tong)(tong)過控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)斷就(jiu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)了機(ji)械運動(dong)(dong)(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)和(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯組成，是(shi)(shi)包(bao)含一個(ge)或幾個(ge)孔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。當線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運轉將導(dao)致流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)或被切斷，以達到(dao)改(gai)變(bian)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)方向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)部(bu)件(jian)由固(gu)定鐵(tie)芯、動(dong)(dong)(dong)鐵(tie)芯、線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)等(deng)部(bu)件(jian)組成；閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)部(bu)分由滑閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)芯、滑閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)套、彈簧底座等(deng)組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)被直(zhi)接安(an)裝在(zai)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)(ti)被封(feng)閉在(zai)密(mi)封(feng)管中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，構成一個(ge)簡(jian)潔(jie)、緊湊(cou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合。我們在(zai)生產中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有二位(wei)(wei)三通(tong)(tong)(tong)、二位(wei)(wei)四通(tong)(tong)(tong)、二位(wei)(wei)五通(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)。這里先說(shuo)說(shuo)二位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含義：對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)來說(shuo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)失電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對于所控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門來說(shuo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)開(kai)和(he)關。

球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)(ball valve ），啟閉件（球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)體(ti)）由閥(fa)桿(gan)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，并繞球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)軸線作旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥(fa)門。亦可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于流(liu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調節與(yu)(yu)控制，其(qi)中(zhong)硬(ying)(ying)密封V型(xing)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)其(qi)V型(xing)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)芯與(yu)(yu)堆(dui)焊硬(ying)(ying)質(zhi)(zhi)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬閥(fa)座之間具有(you)(you)很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剪切(qie)力(li)，特(te)別(bie)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于含纖維(wei)、微小固體(ti)顆料(liao)(liao)(liao)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)多通(tong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)在管(guan)(guan)道上不(bu)僅可靈(ling)活(huo)控制介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合流(liu)、分(fen)流(liu)、及流(liu)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)換，同(tong)時也可關(guan)(guan)閉任一(yi)(yi)通(tong)道而(er)使(shi)(shi)另外兩(liang)個通(tong)道相連(lian)。本類閥(fa)門在管(guan)(guan)道中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)應(ying)當水平安(an)裝(zhuang)。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)按(an)照(zhao)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式分(fen)為：氣動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)，電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)，手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)在管(guan)(guan)路(lu)中(zhong)主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)做切(qie)斷、分(fen)配(pei)和改(gai)變介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)向(xiang)，它(ta)只需要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)90度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作和很小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)矩就能(neng)關(guan)(guan)閉嚴密。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)最(zui)適(shi)宜做開(kai)關(guan)(guan)、切(qie)斷閥(fa)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，V型(xing)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)。電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)閥(fa)門除應(ying)注意(yi)管(guan)(guan)道參數外，尚(shang)應(ying)特(te)別(bie)注意(yi)其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件，由于電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)閥(fa)門中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置是一(yi)(yi)機電設(she)備(bei)，其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)狀態受(shou)其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)境(jing)影(ying)響很大。通(tong)常(chang)狀態下，電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)、蝶(die)閥(fa)在以下環(huan)境(jing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)特(te)別(bie)注意(yi)。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)長期以來(lai)受(shou)物(wu)(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)沖刷，產生(sheng)摩(mo)擦，造(zao)成嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)磨損(sun)(sun)，不(bu)能(neng)滿足正常(chang)生(sheng)產，同(tong)時造(zao)成了設(she)備(bei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縮短(duan)。當下針對(dui)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)閥(fa)磨損(sun)(sun)多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)耐磨材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，如陶瓷(ci)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，高分(fen)子復合材料(liao)(liao)(liao)等方(fang)法，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)技術體(ti)系。高分(fen)子材料(liao)(liao)(liao)具有(you)(you)優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘著性(xing)能(neng)，*耐磨性(xing)能(neng)，安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解決(jue)了金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬經常(chang)磨損(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端，確保了企業設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)生(sheng)產。而(er)且材料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)*的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陶瓷(ci)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)和特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面強(qiang)化劑，使(shi)(shi)其(qi)在最(zui)惡劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干磨環(huan)境(jing)里耐磨和抗物(wu)(wu)理(li)沖擊(ji)性(xing)能(neng)優于任何鋼(gang)鐵甚(shen)至超過瓷(ci)磚(zhuan)，產品(pin)與(yu)(yu)煤(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)親和性(xing)能(neng)是防止積煤(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)想(xiang)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)。

開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)詞(ci)語解釋(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)啟和關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)閉。它還是(shi)(shi)指一(yi)個可以使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)路(lu)、使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)斷或使(shi)其(qi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)到其(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)。最常見的(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)讓人操作的(de)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一(yi)個或數個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)的(de)“閉合”（closed）表示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)導(dao)通(tong)，允(yun)許(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)；開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)“開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)路(lu)”（open）表示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)不(bu)導(dao)通(tong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)路(lu)，不(bu)允(yun)許(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)。最簡單的(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)二(er)片名叫“觸點(dian)(dian)”的(de)金(jin)(jin)屬，二(er)觸點(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸時(shi)(shi)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)回路(lu)，二(er)觸點(dian)(dian)不(bu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)路(lu)。選(xuan)用(yong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)金(jin)(jin)屬時(shi)(shi)需考(kao)慮(lv)其(qi)對抗(kang)腐(fu)蝕的(de)程度，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)大多數金(jin)(jin)屬氧(yang)化后會(hui)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)絕緣的(de)氧(yang)化物(wu)，使(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)無(wu)法正常工(gong)作。選(xuan)用(yong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)金(jin)(jin)屬也(ye)需考(kao)慮(lv)其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率、硬度、機(ji)械(xie)強度、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本及是(shi)(shi)否(fou)有(you)毒等(deng)因素。有(you)時(shi)(shi)會(hui)在接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍抗(kang)腐(fu)蝕金(jin)(jin)屬。一(yi)般會(hui)鍍在接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸面，以避免因氧(yang)化物(wu)而影(ying)響(xiang)其(qi)性(xing)能。有(you)時(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸面也(ye)會(hui)使(shi)用(yong)非金(jin)(jin)屬的(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材料，如導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)塑膠。開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)除(chu)了接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)之(zhi)外，也(ye)會(hui)有(you)可動件(jian)使(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)(dian)導(dao)通(tong)或不(bu)導(dao)通(tong)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可依可動件(jian)的(de)不(bu)同為(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)杠(gang)桿開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Toggle switch）、按鍵開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、船型(xing)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Rocker switch）等(deng)，而可動件(jian)也(ye)可以是(shi)(shi)其(qi)他型(xing)式的(de)機(ji)械(xie)連(lian)桿。延(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器安裝于開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，延(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)一(yi)種開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。延(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)聲控延(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、光控延(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、觸摸式延(yan)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。

HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    RCN226ID:533-110-02
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    529732-07
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    MT25P 232715-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN 1387.025-2048  ID： 727221-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    EQN1325.049-2048 L8 36V...14V  ENDat01 ID:655251-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    599502-05
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    329351-02
HEIDENHAIN    旋轉編碼器    512131-27
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ROD486-2500 03S12-03 Id.Nr.376886-A2 K7 5VDC
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:533110-01
HEIDENHAIN    圓光柵    249870-32
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器線    298402-30
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:631 715-28
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID: 631694-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    529732-07
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN420409627S12-03 ID.385 420-0X
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    731626-51
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:536 398-01   SN:43503 102A
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    337147-01
HEIDENHAIN    連接線纜    536699-01
HEIDENHAIN    玻璃比例尺    526974-08
HEIDENHAIN    氣動過濾器    894602-02
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ROD420 ID376840-4L
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    1131753-17
HEIDENHAIN    適配器電纜    805375-12
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LGS LC 183 240 3.0 Id-Nr:557680-02
HEIDENHAIN    備件    572251-12
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    376836-20
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺適配線    533631-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    810800-24
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LS476  ID-Nr:329988-2Y
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    393692-56
HEIDENHAIN    光柵線位測量系統    557649-07
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557643-20
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    337148-01
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    689697-11
HEIDENHAIN    備件    683639-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    LC483ML270/557647-05
HEIDENHAIN    備件    524720-01
HEIDENHAIN    傳感器    393000-15
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:735117-61
HEIDENHAIN    測量臂短光柵    MT12W  27062147
HEIDENHAIN    測量臂光柵尺    231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    nr322811-53 ROD 1030 100 01 -68
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557679-10
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557647-11
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺(套）    LB302C ML 5440mm H1 Id.Nr.316 531-62 S.Nr.23 140 961
HEIDENHAIN    傳感器    393000-15
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    MT12W
HEIDENHAIN    備件    533631-01
HEIDENHAIN    X1軸光柵    LS186CML1240mm  光柵尺ID336963-23
HEIDENHAIN    備件    376846-LN
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    810800-53
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    329 991-47
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN1387.020-2048 Id.Nr.385487-03
HEIDENHAIN    尺殼    LB302  ML2000mm Id.Nr.315 423-06  S.Nr.23 503 630 A H2
HEIDENHAIN    備件    16.041.523F  ID：231011-03
HEIDENHAIN    位移傳感器    ID：680983-01  AT1218
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    310123-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    EQN1325.049-2048 L8 36V...14V  ENDat01 ID:655251-03
HEIDENHAIN    Y、Z軸光柵尺電纜線    558432-13 519930 60 01
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    572250-09
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    655251-17
HEIDENHAIN    濾芯    337148-01
HEIDENHAIN    柵尺黑色反饋線纜    298401-01柵尺
HEIDENHAIN    放大器    246842-02
HEIDENHAIN    處理器    EXE 102 I/N:536421-30
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ROQ425204803S17-58 539332-05
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器檢測器套裝（含電纜及軟件）    PWM20 759251-01
HEIDENHAIN    LINEAR ENCODER/光柵尺    LC193F ML=340  ID.557676-03
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    ID:533631-01
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    310128-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    538727-05
HEIDENHAIN    磨床探頭    MT12W  230587/01
HEIDENHAIN    讀數頭    ID:311 130-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    309778-03
HEIDENHAIN    旋轉編碼器    735117-52
HEIDENHAIN    LINEAR ENCODER光柵尺    557677-10
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    375136-01
HEIDENHAIN    電纜    ID:309777-03
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    534904-18
HEIDENHAIN    Measuring Wheel    532729-04
HEIDENHAIN    備件    296467-05
HEIDENHAIN    備件    375133-02
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    385483-15 ERN 480
HEIDENHAIN    光柵    557679-07
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ECN113 2048 03S17-58 ID:528100-24
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ID:760916-04
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557677-10
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    EQN1325.049-2048;655251-52
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    ST1288，ID383978-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    393000-61
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN 1387.001-2048  ID.NR:312215-02
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    ID:557650-12
HEIDENHAIN    備件    ERN1381.062-2048 ID: 385489-08
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    572249-13
HEIDENHAIN    傳感器    383979-01
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LC483/10nm  ML470MN ID557649-09
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    529722-01
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    ST1288，ID383978-01
HEIDENHAIN    長度計    ST1288，ID383978-01
HEIDENHAIN    備件    678769-23
HEIDENHAIN    光柵    557679-07
HEIDENHAIN    顯示器    ID 35352204
HEIDENHAIN    位置傳感器（磁尺）    LS186-240 336960-13
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LC495F 760932-05
HEIDENHAIN    模塊    ROQ425-512 ID:586634-07
HEIDENHAIN    備件    385438-42
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    572249-13
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    631713-01
HEIDENHAIN    TT431磨床光柵尺    LF481C/500   1/ST
HEIDENHAIN    過濾組件    ID：894602-01
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    810800-24
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN 1331 051-1024 317393-05
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    557642-06
HEIDENHAIN    備件    375134-06
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID:376 840-0F SN:38 383 536A
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    527392-23
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ID557644-15
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ERN 1331 1024 IDNO.735117-52  IDIABEL:ROD431.025
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    689697-08
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    572249-13
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LC185-ML540±5um（689697-05）
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ROD 431.001-1024 IdNr.317 393-02
HEIDENHAIN    備件    353703-46
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    372849-22
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    599502-02
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    ROD 436 204824 24-26      ID:376837-02
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557 676-04
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    LC483 ID:557653-22
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器線    298402-30
HEIDENHAIN    光柵尺    557679-10
HEIDENHAIN    備件    376844-02
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    376836-20
HEIDENHAIN    編碼器    376880-72
HEIDENHAIN    光(guang)柵尺 ;   LC481 ID:327300-46  ML70MM 分辨率(lv)100nm

HEIDENHAIN光柵尺527392-23翊霈優質報價

HEIDENHAIN光柵尺527392-23翊霈優質報價